Samurai

Daimyo (大名?) Derived from the word Daimyōshu (大名 主? Head of the family honored), which means people who have great influence in a region. In the samurai in Japanese society, the term used for samurai daimyo who has the rights to large tracts of land (landlords) and have many bushi as a follower.

In the Muromachi period, Shugoshoku is the name given to the office of the ruling class to maintain the feudal territory called Kuni (province). Ruler who served Shugoshoku then often referred to as Shugo daimyo (守护 大名? Daimyo who protects).

In the Sengoku era, known as the feudal lord who called Taishin (大 身?). Also known local samurai also play a role in the development area called Kokujin (国人?). Sengoku Daimyo (戦 国 大名?) Is the designation for the daimyo who control more than one jurisdiction.

In the Edo period, daimyo is a term for a samurai who received more than 10,000 koku of the Edo Shogunate, while the samurai who receive less than 10,000 koku called hatamoto.

Ranking daimyo in the Edo period is determined by the degree of nobility (Kakaku), the grade of (Kan-i), the potential wealth Han region (Kokudaka), and job descriptions (Yakushoku).

In the Edo era, there are 3 types of Daimyo:

Camon Daimyo

Daimyo who still have family ties with the Tokugawa shogun's family

Fudai Daimyo

Hereditary daimyo who was loyal to the shogun Tokugawa long before the Battle of Sekigahara,

Tozama

Tokugawa who became loyal followers of the defeated in the Battle of Sekigahara.

Tokugawa Ieyasu gave authority over the power of the Owari han, Kishū, Mito for his sons. Ieyasu also gives authority to each of his son to use the name of the Tokugawa family, so that one lineage of his son to replace the main lineage descendants of Tokugawa if the chain has tripped. In addition, each son Tokugawa still receive an important assignment to spy on the activities of other daimyo han neighboring region.

Ieyasu family members spread all over Japan to oversee han daimyo in the neighboring region. Son to-9 named Tokugawa Yoshinao areas designated as daimyo of Owari han. Son's 10th named Tokugawa Yorinomu appointed as daimyo han territory Kishū, Son of the 11 who named Tokugawa Yorifusa appointed as the daimyo of Mito han territory. Also, Yuki Hideyasu which is the sister of generation Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada to-2 region designated as the daimyo of Echizen han.

Follower (Kashin) come from families that have been handed down to serve the Tokugawa clan made Fudai daimyo. In running the government, the Tokugawa shogunate was always surrounded by Fudai daimyo were appointed as senior minister (Tairō) and advisor to the shogun (Rojū)

When compared with other daimyo, Fudai Kokudaka daimyo received a low number, otherwise clan Torii, Sakakibara clan, and clan Honda has kokudaka high. Ii clan who became Fudai Hitto in Hikone has a very high kokudaka until reached 350,000 koku. There's only a handful of daimyo who receives over 100,000 koku, for example: Sakai clan, clan Abe, Hotta clan, clan Yanagisawa, and Toda clan.

Samurai (侍 or 士?) Is the term for the elite class of military officers before the era of industrialization in Japan. The word "samurai" is derived from the verb "samorau" ancient Japanese origin, was changed to "saburau" which means "serve", and eventually became the "samurai" who worked as a waitress for the employer.

A more appropriate term is bushi (武士) (literally: "gunmen") used during the Edo period. However, the term used for samurai warrior elite of the nobility, and not for example, ashigaru or foot soldiers. Samurai are not bound by clan or work for an employer (daimyo) is called a ronin (literally: "the wave"). Samurai who served in the region called hanshi han.

Samurai is considered must bersopan and educated, and during the Tokugawa Shogunate was gradually lost their military function. At the end of the Tokugawa era, samurai kakitangan generally are common to the daimyo, with their swords only for customs purposes. With the Meiji reforms in the late 19th century, samurai were abolished as a different class and replaced with a national army resembles a Western country. However, the strict nature of samurai known as bushido still exist in Japanese society today, as aspects of their lives another way.

Samurai sayings originated in Japan before the Heian period where if somebody called Saburai, it means he is a messenger or a follower. Only in the early modern era, especially in the Azuchi-Momoyama era and the beginning of the period / era of Edo at the end of the 16th century and early 17th-century Saburai words exchanged words replaced with samurai. However, in those days, meaning has long changed.

In the era of samurai rule, the term beginning yumitori ("archer") is also used as a title of honor for a small number of warlords, although swordsman has become more important. Archers Japan (kyujutsu), is still closely related to the war god Hachiman.

Here are some other term samurai.

Buke (武 家) - martial arts expert
Kabukimono - Words of kabuku or inclined, he refers to the colorful samurai style.
Mononofu (もののふ) - last term which means commander.
Musha (武 者) - The summary Bugeisha (武 芸 者), literally. martial arts expert.
Si (士) - Letter substitute kanji samurai.
Tsuwamono (兵) - last term for soldiers who highlighted by Matsuo Basho in haiku terkemukanya. The name literally means a strong person.